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Compare Europa Island (2006) - Chad (2005)

Compare Europa Island (2006) z Chad (2005)

 Europa Island (2006)Chad (2005)
 Europa IslandChad
Administrative divisions - 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile


note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department), and 1 city*; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'Djamena*, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti
Age structure - 0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,365,277/female 2,337,388)


15-64 years: 49.4% (male 2,323,110/female 2,528,086)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 109,535/female 163,023) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products - cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Airports 1 (2006) 50 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 7


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2006)		 total: 44


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 20


under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Area total: 28 sq km


land: 28 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 1.284 million sq km


land: 1,259,200 sq km


water: 24,800 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.16 times the size of Washington, DC slightly more than three times the size of California
Background A French possession since 1897, the island is heavily wooded; it is the site of a small military garrison that staffs a weather station. Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential elections in 1996 and 1997. In 1998, a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite two peace agreements signed in 2002 and 2003 between the government and the rebels. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority.
Birth rate - 45.98 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget - revenues: $1.131 billion


expenditures: $957.7 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (2004 est.)
Capital - N'Djamena
Climate tropical tropical in south, desert in north
Coastline 22.2 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - passed by referendum 31 March 1996
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Europa Island


local long form: none


local short form: Ile Europa		 conventional long form: Republic of Chad


conventional short form: Chad


local long form: Republique du Tchad


local short form: Tchad
Death rate - 16.41 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external - $1.1 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status possession of France; administered by the Administrateur Superieur of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands -
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Marc WALL


embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena


mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena


telephone: [235] (51) 70-09


FAX: [235] (51) 56-54
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Adam BECHIR


chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009


FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937
Disputes - international claimed by Madagascar since 2003, Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military have driven about 200,000 Darfur region refugees into eastern Chad; Chad remains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes Chad and Niger
Economic aid - recipient - $238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview no economic activity Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major oilfield and pipeline projects that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's export earnings; Chad began to export oil in 2004. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves estimated at 1 billion barrels in southern Chad. Oil production came on stream in late 2003.
Electricity - consumption - 89.4 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production - 96.13 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 24 m		 lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m


highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
Environment - current issues NA inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups - 200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad
Exchange rates - Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)
Executive branch - chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)


head of government: Prime Minister Pascal YOADIMNADJI (since 3 February 2005)


cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7%
Exports - NA
Exports - commodities - cotton, cattle, gum arabic
Exports - partners - US 67.8%, China 21.5%, Portugal 4.3% (2004)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of France is used three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 22.6%


industry: 35.6%


services: 41.7% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 38% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 22 20 S, 40 22 E 15 00 N, 19 00 E
Geography - note wildlife sanctuary landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
Highways - total: 33,400 km


paved: 267 km


unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports - NA
Imports - commodities - machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners - France 21.9%, Cameroon 16.1%, US 10.8%, Portugal 10.4%, Germany 6.4%, Belgium 4.6% (2004)
Independence - 11 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate - 5% (1995)
Industries - oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Infant mortality rate - total: 93.82 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 103.03 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 84.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 8% (2004 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 0 sq km 200 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts
Labor force - NA
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture more than 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 5,968 km


border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (2005)		 arable land: 2.86%


permanent crops: 0.02%


other: 97.12% (2001)
Languages - French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years)


elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held in April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, others 11
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 47.18 years


male: 45.55 years


female: 48.87 years (2005 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic


total population: 47.5%


male: 56%


female: 39.3% (2003 est.)
Location Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about half way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Central Africa, south of Libya
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm		 none (landlocked)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale Tchadienne, ANT), Air Force, Gendarmerie (2004)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $101.3 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.1% (2004)
National holiday - Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Nationality - noun: Chadian(s)


adjective: Chadian
Natural hazards NA hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Natural resources NEGL petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
Net migration rate - -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines - oil 205 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders - Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarlejy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Mamadou BISSO]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]; Viva Rally for Development and Progress or Viva RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there is a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2006 est.)		 9,826,419 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line - 80% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate - 2.95% (2005 est.)
Radio broadcast stations - AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2002)
Religions - Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: primitive system


domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations


international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 11,800 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 65,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (2002)
Terrain low and flat broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Total fertility rate - 6.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA
Waterways - Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)
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